±âŸ³¹¸» | ¹ßÀ½Ç¥±â | µ¿»çü°è | ģô°ü°è | ¼º°æÀθí | ¿ä¸®/À½½Ä | Âü°í¹®Çå |
[Çѱ¹¾î-´Ù¸®¾î »çÀü HWP ¹öÀü]
ke | ÀýÀ» À̲ô´Â ¸». ¿µ¾îÀÇ °ü°è»ç that °ú °°À½. |
khu | ºÎ°¡ Àǹ®¹®À» ¸¸µé ¶§¿¡ ¾²ÀÌ´Â ¸». [¿¹¹®] "´ç½ÅÀº Áö±Ý ¹Ù»ÚÁö ¾ÊÁö¿ä, ±×·¸Áö¿ä?" ȤÀº "Áö±Ý ÀÏÀÌ ¾øÁö¿ä?" Ale khu kAr na dArI? (You aren't busy now, are you?) |
ba | Àå¼Ò¸¦ Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¸». ¿µ¾îÀÇ ÀüÄ¡»ç at °ú °°À½. |
Àü¸é(¾ÕÂÊ) | |
Áß°£ | |
Èĸé(µÞÂÊ) | ||
I (i) | |
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u | |
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ui | |||
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ei | |
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ou | ||
E (e) | |
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o | |
Ɛ | |
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Є | |
a |
´Ü¸ðÀ½ | : a, e, i, o, u (´Ù¸®¾î Ç¥±â¿¡´Â ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ½) |
Àå¸ðÀ½ | : A/aa, E/I, O/U (´Ù¸®¾î Ç¥±â¿¡ ÀÖÀ½) |
¾Ë·¹ÇÁ | : A (Àå¸ðÀ½ "¾î"), aa (Àå¸ðÀ½ "¾Æ"), e, o, u, I [¿¹. asl (origin), enjIl (Gospel)] |
¾Ë·¹ÇÁ+¿¹ | : I ("ÀÌ") [¿¹. InjA (here)], Ai (ÀÚÀ½+¾Ë·¹ÇÁ+¿¹) |
¾Ë·¹ÇÁ+¿Í¿ì | : U (he/sheÀÏ ¶§) |
¾ÆÀÎ | : 'a, e |
¿Í¿ì | : w, wu, U (Àå¸ðÀ½ "¿ì"), aw/ao ("¾Æ¿À") |
¿Í¿ì | : O ("¿À¿ì"·Î ¹ßÀ½. ±×¸®°í Á¢¼Ó»ç andÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áú ¶§´Â ¾Õ ´Ü¾î¿¡ ºÙ¿©¼ "¿ì"·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÏ°í Ç¥±â´Â ¶ç¾î¼ ÇÔ) |
¿Í¿ì+¾Ë·¹ÇÁ | : wA |
Çì | : kh (°ÅÄ£ ÈÄÀ½ "¤»¤¾" ÀÏ ¶§. µ¶ÀϾîÀÇ x, ch ¹ßÀ½), |
Çì | : H ("¤¾"), h (´Ü¾î ³¡ÀÇ ¹«¼ºÀÏ ¶§) |
¿¹ | : y, ai (ÀÚÀ½+¿¹) |
* ¿¹ | : [Àå¸ðÀ½] I ("ÀÌ"), E("¿¡"); [ÀÌÁ߸ðÀ½] ai ("¾ÆÀÌ"), ei ("¿¡ÀÌ"); Ai ("¾îÀÌ") |
¿¹+¾Ë·¹ÇÁ | : yA ("¿©") |
¿¹+¿¹ | : I+I ("¿¹"ÀÇ Áß°£Ç¥±â+"¿¹"ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·Ç¥±â) [¿¹. gadAII (beggar)] |
¿¹+ezafi | : ye (´Ü¾îÀÇ ³¡¹ßÀ½ÀÌ "¾Æ"·Î ³¡³ª¸é¼ ezafi°¡ ºÙÀ» ¶§¿¡ Ç¥±â). I-e (´Ü¾îÀÇ ³¡¹ßÀ½ÀÌ "ÀÌ"·Î ³¡³¯ ¶§¿¡´Â y+e°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó I-e·Î Ç¥±âÇÔ) |
¿¹+ÀÚÀ½ | : I, E |
ai ("¾ÆÀÌ"), ei ("¿¡ÀÌ"), Ai ("¾îÀÌ") aw (O/U °ð "¿Í¿ì"°¡ "¾Æ¿ì"·Î ¹ßÀ½µÉ ¶§) Oi ("¿À¿ì"), Ui ("¿ìÀÌ")
A, b, p, t, s, j, ch, H, kh, d, z, r, z, zh, s, sh, s, z, t, z, ain, gh, f, q, k, l, m, n, w, H, y
hamza | : (' ). ¸ðÀ½ (¾Ë·¹ÇÁ A; ¿¹ I; ¿Í¿ìU) + hamza |
karsa | : (ѿ ´Ü¸ðÀ½ e) |
fatha | : (Ѻ ´Ü¸ðÀ½ a) |
zamma | : ( ) |
sokun, jazm | : (° ) |
tashdId | : ( ) |
bIn | (ÇöÀçÇü: seeing) |
mIbIna | (´Ü¼ø ÇöÀç: he sees.; ÇöÀç ÁøÇà: he is seeing.; ¹Ì·¡: he will see.) |
bIbIna | (°¡Á¤¹ý: he may see.; he should see.; he might see.) |
bIbI(nEn) | (¸í·É: See! ȤÀº Look!) |
dId | (°ú°ÅÇü: saw, seen) |
mIdId | (°ú°Å ÁøÇà: he was seeing.; °ú°Å ½À°ü: he used to see.; °ú°Å »ç½Ç: he had seen.) |
dId | (´Ü¼ø °ú°Å: he saw.) |
dIda | (°ú°Å ºÐ»ç ÇöÀç ¿Ï·á: he has seen.) |
dIda bUd | (°ú°Å ¿Ï·á: he had seen.) |
dIda bAsha | (°¡Á¤¹ý °ú°Å: he may see.; he should see.; he might have seen.) |
ÇҾƹöÁö | padar-e kalAn (Paternal/Maternal grandfather) | ||
ÇÒ¸Ó´Ï | mAdar-e kalAn (Paternal/Maternal grandmother) | ||
¼÷ºÎ | kAkA (Paternal uncle) | ¿Ü¼÷ | mAmA (Maternal uncle) |
¼÷¸ð | khAnum-e kAkA (P. uncle's wife) | ¿Ü¼÷¸ð | khAnum-e mAmA (M. uncle's wife) |
¾ÆÁÖ¸Ó´Ï | amma (Paternal aunt) | À̸ð | khAla (Maternal aunt) |
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À̸ðºÎ | shawHar-e khAla (M. aunt's husband) |
¾Æ¹öÁö | padar (father) | |
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¾î¸Ó´Ï | mAdar (mother) | |
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Ä£»çÃÌ | bachE kAkA (cousin) | ÀÌÁ¾ »çÃÌ | bachE mAmA (cousin) |
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dukhtar-e kAkA (cousin) | |
dukhtar-e mAmA (cousin) |
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bachE amma (cousin) | |
bachE khAla (cousin) |
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dukhtar-e amma (cousin) | |
dukhtar-e amma (cousin) |
³ª ÀڽŠ| khud-e man (Myself) | |
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ÇüÁ¦ | brAdar (brother) | ÀڸŠ| khwAr (sister) |
Á¶Ä« | brAdar-e zAda (nephew) | Á¶Ä«µþ | khwAr-e zAda (niece) |
ÀåÀÎ | khusur (Father-in-law) | Àå¸ð | khushU (Mother-in-law) |
½Ã¾Æ¹öÁö | khusur(Father-in-law) | ½Ã¾î¸Ó´Ï | khushU (Mother-in-law) |
ó³² | khusur bura (brother-in-law) | óÁ¦ | khyAshna (sister-in-law) |
½Ã´ìÇüÁ¦ | Ewar (brother-in-law) | ½Ã´ìÀڸŠ| nanU (sister-in-law) |
³ª ÀڽŠ| khud-e man (Myself) | |
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³²Æí | shawHar (Husband) | ºÎÀÎ | khAnum (Wife) |
¾Æµé | bacha (Son) | µþ | dukhtar (Daughter) |
¸ç´À¸® | ArOs (Daughter-in-law) | »çÀ§ | dAmAd/dAmAt (Son-in-law) |
¼ÕÀÚ/¼Õ³à | nawAsa (Grandchild) | |
°¡ÀÎ qAin (Cain), ³ªÈÉ nAHUm (Nahum), ³ë¾Æ nUh (Noah), ´©°¡ lUqA (Luke), ´ÀÇì¹Ì¾ß naHmiyA (Nehemiah), ´Ù´Ï¿¤ dAniyAl (Daniel), ´ÙÀ dAUd (David), µðµµ tItas (Titus), µð¸ðµ¥ tImUtAUs (Timothy), ·¹À§ÀÎ lAwiyAn (the Levites), ·í rUt (Ruth), ¸¶°¡ marqos (Mark), ¸¶¸®¾Æ marIam (Mary), ¸¶Å matI/matA (Matthew), ¸»¶ó±â malAkI (MalachI), ¸ð¼¼ mUsa (Moses), ¹Ì°¡ mIkAh (Micah), º£µå·Î petros (Peter), º»µð¿À ºô¶óµµ pantIUs pIlAtus (Pontius Pilate), ºô·¹¸ó felImUn (Philemon), »ç¹«¿¤ samU'Il (Samuel), ½º°¡·ª zakariyA (zechariah), ½º¹Ù³Ä safaniyA (Zephaniah), ½Ã¸ó/½Ã¹Ç¿Â sham'Un (Simon/Simeon), ¾Æ´ã Adam (Adam), ¾Æ¸ð½º 'amUs (Amos), ¾Æº§ HAbIl (Abel), ¾ß°íº¸ ya'qUb (James), ¿¡½º°Ö HezqiyAl (Ezekiel), ¿¡½º´õ estar (Esther), ¿¡½º¶ó 'uzrA (Ezra), ¿©È£¼ö¾Æ yOsha' (Joshua), ¿¹·¹¹Ì¾ß armiyA (Jeremiah), ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ Isa masIh (Jesus Christ), ¿À¹Ù´ô 'ObdiyA (Obadiah), ¿ä³ª yUnas (Jonah), ¿ä¼Á yUsef (Joseph), ¿ä¿¤ yU'Il (Joel), ¿äÇÑ yUHenA (John), ¿äÇÑ (¼¼·ÊÀÚ) yaHiyA ghUtgar/yaHiyA-e ta'amIddeHendah (John the Baptist), ¿é ayUb (Job), À¯´Ù yaHUdA (Jude), À¯´Ù (°¡·åÀÎ) yaHUdA-i eskhariyutI (Judas Iscariot), ÀÌ»ç¾ß ash'yA (Isaiah), ÇϹڱ¹ HabqUq (Habakkuk), ÇÏ¿Í HawA (Eve), Çì·Ô HIrOdIs (Herod), Çа³ HajjI (Haggai), È£¼¼¾Æ HOshe' (Hosea)
Ä«¹ä | afghanI kabAb (Afghani Kabab), chelaw kabAb (Chelow Kabab), dEgI kabAb (Degi Kabab), shAmI kabAb (Beef kabab), tikka kabAb (Meat kabab), cheken kabAb (Chiken kabab), |
Ƽ±î | afghAnI tikka (Afghani Tikka), cheken Tikka (Chicken Tikka), mutton Tikka (Mutton Tikka) |
ºñ¸£¾ß´Ï | cheken biryAnI (Chiken BiryAni), mutton biryAnI (Mutton BiryAni) |
º¸Æ¼ | cheken bOtI (Chiken Boti) |
Ä«¶óÈ÷ | cheken karAHI (Chiken Karahi), mutton karAHI (Mutton Karahi) |
¸¶½Ò¶ó | cheken masAla (Chiken Masala), maghz masAla (Brain Masala), mutton masAla (Mutton Masala) |
ÄÚ¸£¸¶ | cheken qOrma (Chiken Qorma), mutton qOrma (Mutton Qorma), gOsht qOrma (Meat Qorma), qOrma-e kOfta (Minced-meatball Korma) |
ÄÚÇÁŸ/°íÇÁŸ | kOfta afghAnI (Kofta Afghani) |
ÀßÆÄ·¹Áö | cheken jAlfarEzI (Chiken Jalfarezi) |
·Î½ºÆ® | cheken rOst (Chiken Roast) |
½ºÅ×ÀÌÅ© | pyAz stek (Onion Steak), peipar stek (Pepper Steak) |
¾ßä | sabzI (Vegetable), salAd (salad) |
Äá | dAl (Dal) |
¸¸µÎ+¿ä±¸¸£Æ® | mAntU Ashak (Manto Ashak) |
½ºÇÁ | cheken kArn sUp (Chiken Corn Soup), cheken sUp (Chiken Soup) |
³Í, »§ | afghAnI nAn (Afghan Nan) |
¹ä | kAbulI palaw (Kabuli Palao), qAbulI (Kabuli), palaw (Palao), sAda chAwal (Plain Rice), za'afrAnI chAwal (Zafrani Rice) |
Â÷ | chAI (tea), sabz chAI (Green tea) |
À½·á | bOtl (Cold drinks) |
1. ȍ˟
Bedford, Jimmy. Concise English Afghan Dari Dictionary, revised and enlarged. Ferozsons Limited Press, Lahore, Pakistan, 1973.
Center for Afghanistan Studies, UNO, Dari-English Dictionary, Center for Afghanistan Studies, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 1993.
Haim, S., English-Persian Dictionary, Farhang Moaser, Tehran, 1995.
Steingass, F., Persian-English Dictionary, First Edition 1893; Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore, Pakistan, First Pakistani Reprint, 1981
±èÁ¤À§. Æ丣½Ã¾Æ¾î Çѱ¹¾î »çÀü, Çѱ¹¿Ü±¹¾î´ëÇб³ ÃâÆǺÎ, 1995.
2. ¹®¹ý ¹× È¸È ¼Àû
Glassman, Eugine H.. Conversational Dari, Fourth Edition, The Language & Orientation Committee, International Afghan Mission, Kabul, Afghanistan, 1976.
Lambton, Ann K. S., Persian Grammer, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Great Britain, 1990.
Mace, John, Modern Persian, Teach Yourself Books, Hodder and Stoughton LTD., Kent, United Kingdom, 1977.
3. ¼º°æ
½Å¾à¼º°æ, enjIl-e muqaddas [The New Testament in Dari], Cambridge University Press, England, third edition, 1989.
¼º°æÀü¼, ketAb-e muqaddas [The Holy Bible in Persian], Standard Version, Elam Ministries, United Kindom, 1996
4. ±âŸ ÀÚ·áµé
Fawad Ahmad Azizi, edited by, Nasruddin's Stories, Kabul English Language Center Peshawar, Pakistan, March 1995.
Wilson, J. Christy Jr.. One Hundred Afghan Persian Proverbs, InterLit Foundation, Inc., Peshawar, Pakistan. Colorado Springs, USA, 1996.